Priya Ranjan Kumar

Identification of dormant Peptides/Proteins from non-coding regions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Genome: The complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism, typically expressed in the number of base pairs. It provides all of the information the organism requires to function. In living organism, the genome is stored in long molecules of DNA called chromosomes (Winkler et al., 1920). A Bacterial genome is generally composed of a single, circular chromosomes. Bacterial genomes are generally smaller and less variant in size among species when compared with genomes of animals and single cell eukaryotes. Bacterial genomes can range in size anywhere from 130 kbp (Leuven Van et al., 2014) to 14 Mbp (Peng R., 2013). In bacteria, the chromosome is not enclosed by a membrane but is instead located in the nucleoid. The nucleoid is the cytoplasmic location of the bacterial genetic material. In prokaryotes, most of the genome (85-90%) is non-repetitive, coding DNA, while the remaining DNA is non coding. A sequence of DNA that codes for mRNA which is further used for transcription and translation is called coding DNA and the coding region of a gene is known as the CDS (coding sequence). The codes are coded in definite pattern A-U, G-C for RNA and A-T, G-C for DNA. Coding DNA sequences are separated by long regions of DNA called introns that have no apparent function. Coding DNA is also known as exon. A non-coding DNA sequences are components of an organism’s DNA that do not encode protein sequence. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (James D et al., 2007). The term junk DNA refers to regions of DNA that are non-coding DNA is used to produce non-coding RNA components such as Transfer RNA (tRNA), is small molecule in cells that carries amino acids to organelles called ribosomes, where they are linked into protein. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), is a part of the ribosome that are responsible for translation. and MicroRNA(miRNA), is a non-coding RNA that play key roles in the regulation of gene expression. A dormant protein, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule. Protein precursors are often used by an organism when the subsequent protein is potentially harmful, but needs to be available on short notice or in large quantities. Some protein precursors are secreted from the cell (Alberts and Bruce, 2002).
In this project, we are trying to identify some of the stable Peptides/Proteins from non-coding regions of Mycobaterium tuberculosis genome.